Long before sound was first recorded, music was recorded-first by written music notation, then also by mechanical devices (e.g., wind-up music boxes, in which a mechanism turns a spindle, which plucks metal tines, thus reproducing a melody). Prior to the development of sound recording, there were mechanical systems, such as wind-up music boxes and, later, player pianos, for encoding and reproducing instrumental music.Įarly history Mechanical organ, 1650 A digital audio signal must be reconverted to analog form during playback before it is amplified and connected to a loudspeaker to produce sound.
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Digital recording stores audio as a series of binary numbers (zeros and ones) representing samples of the amplitude of the audio signal at equal time intervals, at a sample rate high enough to convey all sounds capable of being heard. This lets the audio data be stored and transmitted by a wider variety of media.
Analog sound reproduction is the reverse process, with a larger loudspeaker diaphragm causing changes to atmospheric pressure to form acoustic sound waves.ĭigital recording and reproduction converts the analog sound signal picked up by the microphone to a digital form by the process of sampling. In magnetic tape recording, the sound waves vibrate the microphone diaphragm and are converted into a varying electric current, which is then converted to a varying magnetic field by an electromagnet, which makes a representation of the sound as magnetized areas on a plastic tape with a magnetic coating on it. The process is reversed in sound reproduction, and the variations stored on the medium are transformed back into sound waves.Īcoustic analog recording is achieved by a microphone diaphragm that senses changes in atmospheric pressure caused by acoustic sound waves and records them as a mechanical representation of the sound waves on a medium such as a phonograph record (in which a stylus cuts grooves on a record). Sound recording is the transcription of invisible vibrations in air onto a storage medium such as a phonograph disc. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.
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For the audio recording program computer software, see Windows Voice Recorder.įrances Densmore and Blackfoot chief Mountain Chief a recording project of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1916).
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